Contact us
Back to insights

How To Keep Older School Buildings Cool During Hot Weather

Author Thumbnail

Robert Gould FRICS

Partner at Barker Associates | Award-Winning Integrated Property Consultants

Practical, affordable and actionable ways to ensure classrooms are cool and comfortable during the warmer months

As temperatures continue to rise during the summer term, many schools are finding that older buildings struggle to cope with hot weather. While modern schools may benefit from sophisticated ventilation and cooling strategies, many older school buildings rely on traditional construction, large, glazed areas and limited insulation.

The good news is that keeping classrooms cooler doesn’t always require expensive air conditioning systems. In many cases, a combination of simple operational changes and targeted building improvements can make a noticeable difference.

Start by Managing Heat Before It Enters the Building

One of the most common mistakes during a heatwave is opening windows throughout the hottest part of the day. While this feels intuitive, it can make classrooms warmer if the outside temperature is higher than the inside temperature.

Instead:

  • Open windows early in the morning when outdoor temperatures are cooler
  • Use evening ventilation where possible to purge heat from the building overnight
  • Once outdoor temperatures rise above indoor temperatures, close windows and external doors
  • Lower blinds or shades to reduce solar gain throughout the day

This “cooling purge” approach is widely recommended for naturally ventilated buildings and can significantly reduce afternoon classroom temperatures.

Make Better Use of Fans

Fans don’t lower air temperature, but they do improve occupant comfort by increasing air movement.

To get the best results:

  • Position fans to move cooler air through occupied spaces
  • Create cross-ventilation by drawing air from shaded areas of the building
  • Avoid simply recirculating hot air in enclosed rooms
  • Consider larger pedestal fans rather than small desktop units for classrooms

In older buildings with varying sun exposure, classrooms on the shaded side of the school can sometimes act as a source of cooler air that fans can help distribute.

Prioritise Shading Before Air Conditioning

Before investing in expensive mechanical cooling systems, schools should consider passive shading solutions.

The most effective shading stops sunlight reaching the glass in the first place. Once solar radiation passes through a window, it becomes much harder to remove the resulting heat.

Options include:

External Blinds and Shutters

External shading systems can block significant amounts of solar gain before it enters the classroom.

Brise Soleil

Fixed external shading fins or louvres are particularly effective on south-facing elevations and can provide year-round benefits.

Tree Planting

Strategically planted trees can reduce solar gain, improve outdoor comfort and enhance biodiversity. While not an immediate solution, they provide long-term value with minimal operating costs. Deciduous trees are usually recommended as they provide much-needed shade during the summer but allow beneficial daylight in the winter.

Canopies and Overhangs

Simple canopies above windows can dramatically reduce direct sunlight entering classrooms during the hottest months.

Passive shading solutions often provide better long-term value than air conditioning because they reduce overheating without adding energy consumption or maintenance costs.

Upgrade Window Performance with Solar Control Film

For schools working with limited budgets, solar control window film can be a cost-effective intervention.

Benefits include:

  • Reduced solar heat gain
  • Less glare on whiteboards and screens
  • Improved comfort for occupants near windows
  • Relatively quick installation with minimal disruption

 

student at a desk in a classroom with tabletop fan

While it won’t eliminate overheating on its own, solar film can be particularly valuable in classrooms with large areas of glazing or west-facing windows that experience intense afternoon sun.

Focus on the Building Fabric

If a school is considering capital investment projects, improving the fabric of the building can provide year-round benefits.

Key areas include:

Roof Insulation

Many older school buildings gain significant amounts of heat through poorly insulated roofs. Upgrading insulation helps keep heat out during summer and retain warmth during winter.

Window Upgrades

Older single-glazed or poorly performing windows can contribute to overheating. Modern glazing systems with solar-control coatings can improve thermal performance significantly.

Air Tightness and Draught Management

Although often associated with winter performance, controlling unwanted air leakage can help schools better manage ventilation strategies throughout the year.

These projects require greater investment but deliver long-term improvements in comfort, energy efficiency and carbon reduction.

Reduce Internal Heat Gains

Not all heat comes from outside. Schools can also reduce heat generated within the building by:

  • Turning off unused ICT equipment
  • Switching off projectors when not needed
  • Replacing older lighting with LED alternatives
  • Avoiding heat-generating activities during the hottest periods of the day (where practical)

These measures may seem small individually, but together they can help significantly reduce classroom temperatures.

Create a Heat Action Plan

As heatwaves become more common, schools should consider developing a simple heat management plan.

This might include:

  • Identifying the hottest classrooms
  • Monitoring indoor temperatures
  • Establishing clear guidance on window and blind operation
  • Planning alternative teaching spaces when required
  • Scheduling physical activities earlier in the day
  • Ensuring reliable access to drinking water

A consistent approach helps staff respond quickly when high temperatures are forecast.

Think Beyond the Heatwave

There are more sophisticated solutions available, including advanced ventilation systems, night-cooling strategies and major refurbishment projects. However, these are often difficult to retrofit into older schools and are unlikely to be practical responses to short periods of extreme weather.

For most education settings, the greatest gains come from getting the basics right:

  1. Keep unwanted solar heat out
  2. Ventilate at the right times
  3. Use fans effectively
  4. Improve shading wherever possible
  5. Upgrade the building fabric when budgets allow

Staying hydrated and seeking shade remain essential health measures during hot weather, but these approaches manage the symptoms of overheating rather than addressing the building’s performance itself.

For school leaders looking to improve comfort in the long term, investing in passive cooling measures and building improvements will usually deliver the most sustainable and cost-effective results.

Where schools are undertaking refurbishment or extension works, consideration should be given to the latest Building Bulletin 101 guidance on ventilation, indoor air quality and overheating.

Schools operating air conditioning systems must also be familiar with TM44, the statutory inspection requirement under the Energy Performance of Buildings Regulations (England & Wales).

 

The value of retrofitting school estates

See
the project